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Greek Letters for Math and Science
Compare uppercase and lowercase Greek letters with names, Unicode characters, and LaTeX commands.
How to use this sheet
Uppercase, lowercase, and variant Greek forms can name different quantities. Copy the exact character or LaTeX command required by your source.
| Symbol | Name and meaning | LaTeX | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlphaCommonly represents an angle, coefficient, significance level, or thermal expansion. | \alpha |
U+03B1 |
|
| BetaCommonly represents a coefficient, angle, beta distribution parameter, or particle velocity ratio. | \beta |
U+03B2 |
|
| ChiRepresents the chi-square statistic, susceptibility, characteristic function, or Euler characteristic. | \chi |
U+03C7 |
|
| Curly PhiAn alternate phi glyph often used for functions, angles, or potentials. | \varphi |
U+03D5 |
|
| Curly ThetaAn alternate theta glyph used to distinguish two variables. | \vartheta |
U+03D1 |
|
| DeltaUppercase delta often denotes change, difference, a discriminant, or the Laplacian. | \Delta |
U+0394 |
|
| EpsilonRepresents a small positive quantity, error tolerance, strain, or permittivity. | \epsilon |
U+03B5 |
|
| EtaOften denotes efficiency, viscosity, a parameter, or conformal time. | \eta |
U+03B7 |
|
| Capital GammaOften denotes the gamma function, a curve, a group, or a boundary. | \Gamma |
U+0393 |
|
| GammaRepresents a parameter, Euler–Mascheroni constant in context, a photon, or surface tension. | \gamma |
U+03B3 |
|
| IotaA Greek letter occasionally used for inclusion maps or small parameters. | \iota |
U+03B9 |
|
| KappaOften denotes curvature, condition number, thermal conductivity, or agreement statistics. | \kappa |
U+03BA |
|
| Capital LambdaOften denotes a diagonal eigenvalue matrix, cosmological constant, or lattice. | \Lambda |
U+039B |
|
| LambdaRepresents wavelength, eigenvalue, rate parameter, or anonymous functions. | \lambda |
U+03BB |
|
| Lunate EpsilonAn alternate epsilon glyph used to distinguish variables or match a typography convention. | \varepsilon |
U+03F5 |
|
| MuRepresents a population mean, coefficient of friction, micro prefix, or permeability. | \mu |
U+03BC |
|
| NuOften denotes frequency, degrees of freedom, or kinematic viscosity. | \nu |
U+03BD |
|
| Capital OmegaRepresents ohms, a sample space, asymptotic lower bound, or a domain. | \Omega |
U+03A9 |
|
| OmegaRepresents angular frequency, an outcome, or the first infinite ordinal. | \omega |
U+03C9 |
|
| OmicronThe Greek omicron letter, rarely used as a mathematical variable because it resembles Latin o. | o |
U+03BF |
|
| PhiRepresents an angle, phase, potential, golden ratio, or probability density. | \phi |
U+03C6 |
|
| PiThe constant equal to a circle’s circumference divided by its diameter. | \pi |
U+03C0 |
|
| Population MeanRepresents the mean of a population or distribution. | \mu |
U+03BC |
|
| Population Standard DeviationMeasures the typical spread of values around the population mean. | \sigma |
U+03C3 |
|
| PsiRepresents a wavefunction, stream function, or generic function. | \psi |
U+03C8 |
|
| RhoRepresents density, correlation, resistivity, or radial distance. | \rho |
U+03C1 |
|
| Capital SigmaRepresents a covariance matrix, alphabet, or aggregate object. | \Sigma |
U+03A3 |
|
| SigmaRepresents standard deviation, stress, conductivity, or a permutation. | \sigma |
U+03C3 |
|
| TauRepresents torque, time constant, shear stress, or the circle constant 2π. | \tau |
U+03C4 |
|
| ThetaCommonly represents an angle, parameter, or unknown value. | \theta |
U+03B8 |
|
| UpsilonA Greek letter used occasionally for particles or generic variables. | \upsilon |
U+03C5 |
|
| XiRepresents a random variable, damping variable, or generic coordinate. | \xi |
U+03BE |
|
| ZetaRepresents the Riemann zeta function, damping ratio, or a generic variable. | \zeta |
U+03B6 |
Verification note
Several Greek letters resemble Latin letters. Preserve the Unicode code point and mathematical alphabet style when the distinction matters.
Open the linked full reference for aliases, usage examples, common mistakes, platform input instructions, and related tools.
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