∎
Unicode
U+220ELaTeX
\qedHTML entity
∎HTML decimal
∎MathML
<mo>∎</mo>Semantic identity and intent
Characters to distinguish
- ∴ — Therefore
Use ∎ in the right format
Meaning and usage
Marks the end of a mathematical proof.
Place it after the final argument; many theorem environments insert it automatically.
Pronunciation: end of proof
Formula examples
The claim follows. ∎How to type End of Proof
- Windows
- Use Character Map or enter U+220E in a Unicode-aware application.
- macOS
- Open Character Viewer with Control–Command–Space and search by the symbol name.
- Microsoft Word
- In an equation, type \qed and press Space when Word supports the command.
- iPhone and iPad
- Copy and paste ∎, or use a math/LaTeX app. The standard iOS keyboard may not expose every mathematical symbol.
- Android
- Copy and paste ∎, or use a math keyboard or LaTeX editor. Keyboard layouts vary by device and app.
- Google Docs
- For plain text, paste ∎ or use Insert → Special characters. For structured math, use the equation editor and verify \qed.
- Excel
- Paste ∎ into a cell or use Insert → Symbol when available. Ordinary cells preserve the character but do not interpret LaTeX commands.
Common mistakes
- Define the logical convention before using ∎; proof, programming, and Boolean-algebra sources may assign different precedence or direction.
- For plain text, copy ∎ as U+220E; for structured equations, use \qed in math mode. A look-alike glyph or image can break search, accessibility, or parsing when the intended character is End of Proof.
When to use ∎
- Use ∎ in plain text when a Unicode character is appropriate and the destination preserves U+220E.
- Use \qed in an equation editor when mathematical spacing or structure matters.
- Define the local meaning when End of Proof is used in logic, discrete math with a field-specific convention.
Look-alikes and related characters
- ∴ — Therefore
Font and compatibility notes
Font coverage varies; verify the code point and destination rendering before publication.
Continue the workflow
From End of Proof to a finished equation
- Copy the characterUse ∎ in plain text when Unicode is accepted.
- Choose a structured formatUse
\qedfor LaTeX or the MathML snippet for accessible web equations. - Edit or convertOpen the value in the editor or converter without retyping it.
Review and source notes
Quality tier: catalog
Last reviewed: 2026-07-23
Review method: Catalog review of character identity and notation mappings.
Verified against: Unicode Standard, Unicode mathematical notation guidance, and established LaTeX/MathML syntax.
Reference sources
- The Unicode StandardUnicode Consortium — Character identity, encoding, names, and conformance.
- Unicode Character Code ChartsUnicode Consortium — Code points and official character charts.
Frequently asked questions
What does the End of Proof symbol mean?
Marks the end of a mathematical proof.
What is the LaTeX command for ∎?
Use \qed in a compatible math environment.
Can I copy ∎ as Unicode?
Yes. Use the copy button above to copy the Unicode character directly.