ℛ
Unicode
U+211BLaTeX
\mathcal{R}HTML entity
HTML decimal
ℛMathML
<mi>ℛ</mi>Semantic identity and intent
Characters to distinguish
- ℱ — Script F
- ℒ — Script L
Use ℛ in the right format
Meaning and usage
Often denotes a relation, region, risk functional, or ring defined by context.
Define it explicitly and preserve font styling when converting between formats.
Pronunciation: script capital r
Formula examples
\mathcal{R}(f)How to type Script Capital R
- Windows
- Use Character Map and search for Script Capital R, or paste the Unicode character (U+211B).
- macOS
- Open Character Viewer with Control–Command–Space and search for Script Capital R.
- Microsoft Word
- In an equation, type \mathcal{R} and press Space when Word supports the command; otherwise insert the Unicode character.
- iPhone and iPad
- Copy and paste ℛ, or use a math/LaTeX app. The standard iOS keyboard may not expose every mathematical symbol.
- Android
- Copy and paste ℛ, or use a math keyboard or LaTeX editor. Keyboard layouts vary by device and app.
- Google Docs
- For plain text, paste ℛ or use Insert → Special characters. For structured math, use the equation editor and verify \mathcal{R}.
- Excel
- Paste ℛ into a cell or use Insert → Symbol when available. Ordinary cells preserve the character but do not interpret LaTeX commands.
Common mistakes
- Do not substitute a visually similar Latin or differently styled character for ℛ; case and mathematical alphabet style can identify different quantities.
- For plain text, copy ℛ as U+211B; for structured equations, use \mathcal{R} in math mode. A look-alike glyph or image can break search, accessibility, or parsing when the intended character is Script Capital R.
When to use ℛ
- Use ℛ in plain text when a Unicode character is appropriate and the destination preserves U+211B.
- Use \mathcal{R} in an equation editor when mathematical spacing or structure matters.
- Define the local meaning when Script Capital R is used in math alphanumeric with a field-specific convention.
Look-alikes and related characters
- ℱ — Script F
- ℒ — Script L
Font and compatibility notes
Font coverage varies; verify the code point and destination rendering before publication.
Continue the workflow
From Script Capital R to a finished equation
- Copy the characterUse ℛ in plain text when Unicode is accepted.
- Choose a structured formatUse
\mathcal{R}for LaTeX or the MathML snippet for accessible web equations. - Edit or convertOpen the value in the editor or converter without retyping it.
Review and source notes
Quality tier: catalog
Last reviewed: 2026-07-23
Review method: Catalog review of character identity and notation mappings.
Verified against: Unicode Standard, Unicode mathematical notation guidance, and established LaTeX/MathML syntax.
Reference sources
- The Unicode StandardUnicode Consortium — Character identity, encoding, names, and conformance.
- Unicode Character Code ChartsUnicode Consortium — Code points and official character charts.
Frequently asked questions
What does the Script Capital R symbol mean?
Often denotes a relation, region, risk functional, or ring defined by context.
What is the LaTeX command for ℛ?
Use \mathcal{R} in a compatible math environment.
Can I copy ℛ as Unicode?
Yes. Use the copy button above to copy the Unicode character directly.